Description

Catalase is an essential enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) into water (H₂O) and oxygen (O₂). It is found in nearly all living organisms, including plants, animals, and microorganisms.

Hydrogen peroxide is a byproduct of various metabolic processes and can be harmful to cells if it accumulates. Catalase accelerates its decomposition through the reaction:

2 H₂O₂ → 2 H₂O + O₂

The enzyme’s catalytic activity relies on its globular structure and an iron-containing heme group at the active site, where hydrogen peroxide binds and rapidly decomposes.

Catalase is abundant in tissues exposed to high oxidative stress, such as the liver, where it plays a key role in detoxification and cellular homeostasis by neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Beyond its physiological function, catalase is widely used in laboratory research for detecting hydrogen peroxide and studying oxidative reactions. It also has applications in the food, textile, and cosmetic industries.