NAD

NAD (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a coenzyme that participates in a variety of biochemical activities within cells. It comes in two forms: NAD+ (oxidized) and NADH (reduced). NAD functions as an electron transporter, transporting electrons from one reaction to the next, aiding energy transmission and metabolic activities.

NAD enzymes, also known as NAD-dependent enzymes, use NAD as a cofactor to perform catalytic actions. These enzymes are involved in vital cellular processes such as glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, all of which are important steps in energy production. NAD enzymes can transfer hydride ions (H-) and participate in redox processes by accepting or donating electrons.

NAD is also involved in cellular signaling and control. It acts as a substrate for enzymes known as sirtuins, which regulate gene expression, DNA repair, and stress response. NAD is also involved in other critical biological functions such as cell development, ageing, and immunological function.

Overall, NAD enzymes serve an important role in cellular metabolism, particularly in energy synthesis and cellular control.